A
Add
The process of staging files for commit. Files must be added to the staging area before they can be committed.
git add filename
Archive
A compressed file containing a snapshot of your repository at a specific point in time.
B
Branch
A separate line of development that allows you to work on features without affecting the main codebase.
git branch feature-name
Blame
A command that shows who made changes to each line of a file and when.
git blame filename
C
Commit
A snapshot of your repository at a specific point in time. Each commit has a unique identifier (hash).
git commit -m "message"
Clone
To create a local copy of a remote repository on your computer.
git clone repository-url
Conflict
When Git cannot automatically merge changes because the same lines have been modified in different ways.
D
Diff
A comparison between different versions of files, showing what has changed.
git diff
Directory
A folder that contains files and other directories (also called a folder).
F
Fetch
To download changes from a remote repository without merging them into your current branch.
git fetch origin
Fork
A copy of someone else's repository that you can modify without affecting the original.
H
Hash
A unique identifier for each commit, generated from the commit's content and metadata.
HEAD
A pointer to the current commit in your repository. It usually points to the tip of the current branch.
I
Init
To initialize a new Git repository in a directory.
git init
L
Log
A command that shows the history of commits in your repository.
git log
M
Merge
To combine changes from different branches into a single branch.
git merge branch-name
Master/Main
The default branch in a Git repository, typically containing the stable version of the code.
P
Pull
To download and merge changes from a remote repository into your current branch.
git pull origin branch-name
Push
To upload your local commits to a remote repository.
git push origin branch-name
R
Remote
A version of your repository hosted on a server (like GitHub) that you can share with others.
Repository
A directory that contains your project files and the entire history of changes.
Revert
To undo a commit by creating a new commit that reverses the changes.
git revert commit-hash
S
Stage
The area where files are prepared for commit. Files must be staged before they can be committed.
Status
A command that shows the current state of your repository, including which files are staged, modified, or untracked.
git status
T
Tag
A named reference to a specific commit, often used to mark releases or important milestones.
git tag v1.0.0
U
Untracked
Files that exist in your working directory but are not being tracked by Git.
V
Version Control
A system that tracks changes to files over time, allowing you to recall specific versions later.
W
Working Directory
The directory where you make changes to your files. It contains the current version of your project.
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